在知识管理工具领域,Notion和Miro分别占据了文档编辑和可视化白板的主导地位,但这两类工具长期存在数据孤岛、隐私担忧和功能割裂的问题。AFFiNE作为一款开源的全栈知识管理平台,通过创新的TypeScript架构设计,成功实现了文档、白板、数据库的无缝融合,为开发者社区提供了一个Privacy-first、Local-first的解决方案。
传统知识管理工具的技术痛点
当前主流知识管理工具普遍面临几个核心技术挑战:
数据架构割裂:传统工具往往采用独立的数据模型来处理文档和可视化元素,导致跨格式数据流转困难。以Notion为例,其文档编辑和数据库视图虽然功能强大,但缺乏真正的双向同步机制,用户需要在不同视图间手动维护数据一致性。
云端依赖风险:大部分协作工具采用云端优先架构,用户数据存储在第三方服务器上,存在隐私泄露和服务中断风险。这种架构虽然简化了部署,但牺牲了用户的数据控制权。
技术栈耦合严重:Notion使用React+TypeScript构建前端,但后端采用Go语言,数据库层面使用PostgreSQL+Redis,技术栈异构导致开发复杂度高,定制化难度大。
AFFiNE的全栈架构设计
AFFiNE采用了一体化的TypeScript全栈架构,其核心设计理念是"Everything is a Block"和"Local-first"。
前端架构:React + TypeScript的统一表示层
AFFiNE的前端架构建立在React生态系统之上,但通过 Blocksuite 实现了统一的数据表示层:
interface BlockModel {
id: string;
type: BlockType;
props: Record<string, any>;
children: BlockModel[];
yjs?: Y.Map<any>;
}
const BlockRenderer: React.FC<{ block: BlockModel }> = ({ block }) => {
switch (block.type) {
case 'paragraph':
return <ParagraphBlock {...block.props} />;
case 'database':
return <DatabaseBlock {...block.props} />;
case 'whiteboard':
return <WhiteboardBlock {...block.props} />;
default:
return <UnknownBlock {...block.props} />;
}
};
这种设计实现了真正的"文档-白板"双向转换。用户在文档中创建的段落、表格、待办事项等Block,可以无缝拖拽到白板模式中,以可视化方式重新组织;反之,白板上的图形、连接线、思维导图节点也可以转换为文档中的结构化内容。
后端架构:Rust + OctoBase的数据引擎
AFFiNE的后端采用了Rust语言实现的OctoBase数据库,这是一个专门为本地优先协作设计的轻量级数据引擎:
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct Collection {
pub id: String,
pub workspace_id: String,
pub name: String,
pub schema: Schema,
pub blocks: Vec<Block>,
pub collaborators: Vec<Collaborator>,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct Block {
pub id: String,
pub collection_id: String,
pub block_type: BlockType,
pub content: BlockContent,
pub position: Position,
pub metadata: BlockMetadata,
pub crdt_state: CRDTState,
}
OctoBase的核心优势在于其CRDT(Conflict-free Replicated Data Type)实现,确保多用户协作时的数据一致性。与传统的操作变换(Operational Transformation)相比,CRDT提供了更强的最终一致性保证,特别是在离线编辑和网络分区场景下。
数据同步层:Yjs + 混合式同步机制
AFFiNE采用了Yjs库作为其CRDT实现基础,同时支持多种同步模式:
import { useYjsStore } from '@affine/yjs-react';
export const useAffineDoc = (docId: string) => {
const { ydoc, awareness, provider } = useYjsStore({
docId,
room: `affine-doc-${docId}`,
wsUrl: process.env.WS_URL,
autoConnect: true
});
const syncConfig = {
localFirst: true,
offlineSupport: true,
conflictResolution: 'crdt',
syncInterval: 1000,
batchUpdates: true
};
return { ydoc, awareness, provider, syncConfig };
};
技术创新:TypeScript实现的混合架构
AFFiNE最大的技术突破在于其通过TypeScript实现了前后端的统一开发体验,同时保持了高性能和可扩展性。
前端:Monorepo + 组件化设计
AFFiNE采用NPM Workspaces的Monorepo架构,将前端应用拆分为多个可复用的包:
{
"name": "affine-monorepo",
"workspaces": [
"packages/frontend/*",
"packages/backend/*",
"packages/components/*",
"packages/shared/*"
],
"scripts": {
"dev": "pnpm -r run dev",
"build": "pnpm -r run build",
"test": "pnpm -r run test"
}
}
核心包结构包括:
@affine/editor:基于Blocksuite的编辑器核心
@affine/ui:UI组件库,基于React+TypeScript
@affine/database:数据库操作层
@affine/bridge:前后端通信桥接
@affine/theme:主题和样式系统
后端:Node.js + Rust混合开发
AFFiNE的后端采用了创新的Node.js + Rust混合架构:
interface RustBridge {
createDocument(workspace: string, title: string): Promise<string>;
updateBlock(blockId: string, content: string): Promise<void>;
queryDatabase(collectionId: string, filters: Filter[]): Promise<QueryResult>;
setupSync(docId: string, syncConfig: SyncConfig): Promise<SyncHandle>;
}
export class AffineBackend {
private rustModule: RustModule;
constructor() {
this.rustModule = require('affine-rust-binding');
}
async createWorkspace(name: string): Promise<Workspace> {
const workspaceId = await this.rustModule.create_workspace(name);
return this.getWorkspace(workspaceId);
}
async queryBlocks(filter: BlockFilter): Promise<Block[]> {
return this.rustModule.query_blocks(
JSON.stringify(filter),
this.getSyncHandle()
);
}
}
这种设计充分利用了Rust的高性能和TypeScript的开发效率:
- Rust处理数据密集型操作(索引、查询、加密)
- TypeScript处理业务逻辑和用户交互
- 通过Node-API实现无缝集成
数据库层:本地优先的存储设计
AFFiNE采用了"本地优先 + 云同步"的混合存储策略:
interface StorageLayer {
local: {
indexdb: IndexedDB;
filesystem: FileSystemAPI;
cache: LocalCache;
};
sync: {
realtime: YWebsocketProvider;
batch: BatchSyncProvider;
conflict: ConflictResolver;
};
cloud: {
backup: CloudBackup;
sharing: CloudSharing;
auth: AuthProvider;
};
}
class AffineDataStore {
async getBlock(blockId: string): Promise<Block | null> {
const localBlock = await this.local.indexdb.get(blockId);
if (localBlock) return localBlock;
const remoteBlock = await this.network.fetch(blockId);
await this.local.cache.set(blockId, remoteBlock);
return remoteBlock;
}
async updateBlock(blockId: string, updates: Partial<Block>): Promise<void> {
await this.local.indexdb.update(blockId, updates);
this.sync.queue(async () => {
await this.network.update(blockId, updates);
});
this.yjs.broadcast(blockId, updates);
}
}
与Notion、Miro的技术对比分析
数据模型对比
Notion的数据模型:
- 页面为根节点,树状结构
- 数据库为独立实体,通过关系关联
- Block类型有限,扩展性受限
Miro的数据模型:
- Canvas为容器,元素为独立对象
- 缺乏层次化结构
- 数据序列化格式私有
AFFiNE的统一模型:
interface UniversalBlock {
id: string;
type: 'document' | 'database' | 'whiteboard' | 'shape' | 'text';
position: {
x: number;
y: number;
width?: number;
height?: number;
};
content: {
text?: string;
markdown?: string;
schema?: DatabaseSchema;
data?: DatabaseRecord[];
shape?: ShapeData;
connections?: Connection[];
attributes?: Record<string, any>;
};
relations: {
parent?: string;
children?: string[];
linked?: string[];
};
collaboration: {
createdBy: string;
lastModified: string;
versions: BlockVersion[];
permissions: Permission[];
};
}
技术栈对比
| 特性 |
Notion |
Miro |
AFFiNE |
| 前端框架 |
React + TypeScript |
React + TypeScript |
React + TypeScript |
| 后端语言 |
Go |
Go/Node.js |
Rust + Node.js |
| 数据库 |
PostgreSQL |
MongoDB |
OctoBase (Rust) |
| 实时同步 |
专有算法 |
专有算法 |
Yjs (CRDT) |
| 桌面应用 |
Electron |
Electron |
Electron |
| 开源程度 |
部分开源 |
专有 |
完全开源 |
| 本地存储 |
无 |
无 |
有 (Local-first) |
| 插件系统 |
有限 |
无 |
计划中 |
性能对比
AFFiNE在性能优化方面有几个关键优势:
1. 渲染性能优化
const VirtualizedBlockList: React.FC<{
blocks: Block[];
blockHeight: number;
containerHeight: number;
}> = ({ blocks, blockHeight, containerHeight }) => {
const [scrollTop, setScrollTop] = useState(0);
const visibleCount = Math.ceil(containerHeight / blockHeight) + 5;
const startIndex = Math.floor(scrollTop / blockHeight);
const endIndex = Math.min(startIndex + visibleCount, blocks.length);
const visibleBlocks = blocks.slice(startIndex, endIndex);
return (
<div onScroll={(e) => setScrollTop(e.currentTarget.scrollTop)}>
<div style={{ height: blocks.length * blockHeight }}>
{visibleBlocks.map((block, index) => (
<div
key={block.id}
style={{
transform: `translateY(${(startIndex + index) * blockHeight}px)`,
position: 'absolute',
width: '100%',
height: blockHeight
}}
>
<BlockRenderer block={block} />
</div>
))}
</div>
</div>
);
};
2. 增量同步优化
class IncrementalSync {
async syncChanges(localChanges: ChangeSet): Promise<void> {
const incrementalUpdate = this.generatePatch(localChanges);
const compressedUpdate = await this.compress(incrementalUpdate);
const strategy = this.selectSyncStrategy(compressedUpdate);
await strategy.execute(compressedUpdate);
}
private selectSyncStrategy(update: PatchData): SyncStrategy {
const size = JSON.stringify(update).length;
if (size < 1024) {
return new WebSocketSync();
} else if (size < 10240) {
return new BatchWebSocketSync();
} else {
return new HTTPChunkSync();
}
}
}
开发者生态与扩展性
AFFiNE提供了强大的开发者生态,通过插件系统和开放API实现高度可扩展性。
插件架构设计
interface AffinePlugin {
metadata: {
id: string;
name: string;
version: string;
description: string;
author: string;
dependencies?: string[];
};
lifecycle: {
onInstall?: (context: PluginContext) => Promise<void>;
onActivate?: (context: PluginContext) => Promise<void>;
onDeactivate?: (context: PluginContext) => Promise<void>;
onUninstall?: (context: PluginContext) => Promise<void>;
};
extensions: {
blockTypes?: Record<string, BlockTypeDefinition>;
components?: Record<string, React.ComponentType>;
menuItems?: MenuItemDefinition[];
shortcuts?: ShortcutDefinition[];
apiRoutes?: APIRouteDefinition[];
};
eventListeners?: {
[eventName: string]: EventHandler;
};
}
class AISummaryPlugin implements AffinePlugin {
metadata = {
id: 'ai-summary',
name: 'AI Summary Generator',
version: '1.0.0',
description: 'Generate summaries using AI',
author: 'AFFiNE Team'
};
extensions = {
blockTypes: {
'ai-summary': {
displayName: 'AI Summary',
component: AISummaryBlock,
serializer: AISummarySerializer
}
},
components: {
'summary-toolbar': SummaryToolbar
},
shortcuts: {
'mod-shift-s': () => this.generateSummary()
}
};
async generateSummary() {
const selectedText = this.getSelectedText();
const summary = await this.callAIService(selectedText);
this.insertSummaryBlock(summary);
}
}
自定义Block开发
AFFiNE允许开发者创建自定义Block类型,实现特定业务需求:
class GanttChartBlock implements BlockType {
type = 'gantt-chart';
render(props: GanttChartProps): JSX.Element {
return (
<div className="gantt-chart-block">
<GanttChart
tasks={props.tasks}
dependencies={props.dependencies}
onTaskUpdate={(taskId, updates) => this.updateTask(taskId, updates)}
onCreateTask={(task) => this.createTask(task)}
/>
</div>
);
}
async linkTo(blockId: string): Promise<void> {
const targetBlock = await this.getBlock(blockId);
if (targetBlock.type === 'task') {
await this.addDependency(targetBlock.id);
}
}
}
const GanttChartBlockConfig: BlockConfiguration = {
type: 'gantt-chart',
displayName: '甘特图',
icon: '📊',
properties: {
tasks: {
type: 'array',
items: {
type: 'object',
properties: {
id: { type: 'string' },
name: { type: 'string' },
startDate: { type: 'date' },
endDate: { type: 'date' },
assignee: { type: 'string' },
progress: { type: 'number', minimum: 0, maximum: 100 }
}
}
},
dependencies: {
type: 'array',
items: {
type: 'object',
properties: {
from: { type: 'string' },
to: { type: 'string' },
type: { enum: ['finish-to-start', 'start-to-start', 'finish-to-finish'] }
}
}
}
},
validation: [
{
name: 'date-range',
validator: (props) => {
return props.tasks.every(task =>
task.endDate >= task.startDate
);
},
message: '任务结束日期必须晚于开始日期'
}
]
};
企业级部署与运维
AFFiNE提供了完整的企业级部署方案,支持私有化部署和高可用配置。
Docker部署配置
version: '3.8'
services:
affine:
image: ghcr.io/toeverything/affine:stable
ports:
- "3000:3000"
environment:
- NODE_ENV=production
- DATABASE_URL=postgresql://user:pass@postgres:5432/affine
- REDIS_URL=redis://redis:6379
- RUST_LOG=info
volumes:
- ./data:/app/data
- ./logs:/app/logs
depends_on:
- postgres
- redis
restart: unless-stopped
postgres:
image: postgres:15-alpine
environment:
POSTGRES_DB: affine
POSTGRES_USER: user
POSTGRES_PASSWORD: pass
volumes:
- postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
- ./postgres-init:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d
restart: unless-stopped
redis:
image: redis:7-alpine
command: redis-server --appendonly yes
volumes:
- redis_data:/data
restart: unless-stopped
volumes:
postgres_data:
redis_data:
生产环境配置
interface ProductionConfig {
server: {
port: number;
host: string;
workers: number;
maxPayload: string;
};
database: {
primary: DatabaseConfig;
replicas: DatabaseConfig[];
connectionPool: {
min: number;
max: number;
idleTimeout: number;
};
};
storage: {
local: LocalStorageConfig;
s3: S3StorageConfig;
cdn: CDNConfig;
};
monitoring: {
metrics: MetricsConfig;
logging: LoggingConfig;
tracing: TracingConfig;
};
security: {
ssl: SSLConfig;
rateLimit: RateLimitConfig;
encryption: EncryptionConfig;
};
}
class AffineMonitoring {
constructor(private config: MonitoringConfig) {}
setupMetrics(): void {
this.registerGauge('affine.active_users', {
description: 'Number of active users'
});
this.registerCounter('affine.blocks_created', {
description: 'Total blocks created'
});
this.registerHistogram('affine.sync_duration', {
description: 'Block synchronization duration',
buckets: [0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10]
});
}
async trackPerformance(operation: string, fn: () => Promise<any>): Promise<any> {
const start = Date.now();
try {
const result = await fn();
this.recordSuccess(operation, Date.now() - start);
return result;
} catch (error) {
this.recordError(operation, error);
throw error;
}
}
}
未来发展与技术创新
AFFiNE团队规划了几个重要的技术发展方向:
1. AI原生集成
interface AICopilot {
nlp: {
understandIntent: (text: string) => Promise<Intent>;
generateContent: (prompt: string, context: Context) => Promise<Content>;
summarizeContent: (content: Content) => Promise<string>;
};
assistance: {
suggestBlocks: (context: BlockContext) => Promise<BlockSuggestion[]>;
autoOrganize: (blocks: Block[]) => Promise<Organization>;
smartTemplates: (useCase: string) => Promise<Template[]>;
};
collaboration: {
suggestReviewers: (content: Content, team: TeamMember[]) => Promise<Reviewer[]>;
autoSchedule: (tasks: Task[], constraints: Constraint[]) => Promise<Schedule>;
};
}
2. 跨平台原生开发
AFFiNE计划使用Tauri框架构建更轻量的原生应用:
#[tauri::command]
async fn create_document(
app: tauri::AppHandle,
workspace_id: String,
title: String,
) -> Result<String, String> {
let store = app.state::<AffineStore>();
store.create_document(workspace_id, title).await
}
#[tauri::command]
async fn sync_blocks(
app: tauri::AppHandle,
workspace_id: String,
changes: Vec<BlockChange>,
) -> Result<SyncResult, String> {
let store = app.state::<AffineStore>();
store.sync_changes(workspace_id, changes).await
}
3. 分布式协作网络
class PeerToPeerNetwork {
private peers: Map<string, PeerConnection> = new Map();
async connectToPeer(peerId: string): Promise<void> {
const peer = new Peer(peerId, {
config: {
iceServers: [
{ urls: 'stun:stun.l.google.com:19302' },
]
}
});
await this.establishSecureConnection(peer);
this.peers.set(peerId, peer);
}
async broadcastChange(change: BlockChange): Promise<void> {
const message = {
type: 'block-change',
data: change,
timestamp: Date.now(),
signature: await this.signMessage(change)
};
for (const [peerId, peer] of this.peers) {
try {
await peer.send(JSON.stringify(message));
} catch (error) {
console.warn(`Failed to send to peer ${peerId}:`, error);
this.peers.delete(peerId);
}
}
}
}
结语
AFFiNE通过创新的TypeScript全栈架构,成功解决了传统知识管理工具的数据孤岛、隐私担忧和功能割裂问题。其基于Blocksuite的统一数据模型、基于OctoBase的本地优先存储、基于Yjs的实时协作机制,为开发者提供了一个可扩展、可定制、高性能的知识管理平台。
相比Notion和Miro,AFFiNE的技术优势不仅体现在更开放的技术栈上,更重要的是其"Everything is a Block"的设计理念和"Local-first"的隐私优先策略。随着AI集成、原生开发和分布式网络的实现,AFFiNE有望成为下一代知识工作平台的标杆。
对于开发者而言,AFFiNE不仅是一个工具,更是一个完整的架构参考和开发框架。其开源特性使得任何人都可以基于其架构构建适合特定业务需求的知识管理解决方案。随着插件生态的完善和API的丰富,AFFiNE将持续推动知识管理工具的技术创新和用户体验提升。
参考资料: